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FORM 10-K FOR FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2005


Items 1 and 2. Business and Properties

See pages 25 and 26 for explanations of abbreviations and terms used herein.

General

Swift Energy Company is engaged in developing, exploring, acquiring, and operating oil and gas properties, with a focus on oil and natural gas reserves onshore and in the inland waters of Louisiana and Texas and onshore in New Zealand. Swift Energy was founded in 1979 and is headquartered in Houston, Texas. At year-end 2005, we had estimated proved reserves of 761.8 Bcfe with a PV-10 Value of $3.2 billion (PV-10 is a non-GAAP measure, see the section titled “Oil and Natural Gas Reserves” in our Business and Properties section for a reconciliation of this non-GAAP measure to the closest GAAP measure, the standardized measure). Our proved reserves at year-end 2005 were comprised of approximately 51% crude oil, 38% natural gas, and 11% NGLs, of which 50% were proved developed. Our proved reserves are concentrated 52% in Louisiana, 31% in Texas, 16% in New Zealand, and 1% in other states.

We currently focus primarily on development and exploration of fields in three domestic regions and in New Zealand:

  • South Louisiana Region
        Lake Washington Area
        Bay de Chene Area
        Cote Blanche Island Area
  • South Texas Region
        AWP Olmos Area
        Garcia Ranch Area
  • Toledo Bend Region
        Brookeland Area
        Masters Creek Area
        South Bearhead Creek Area
  • New Zealand Region
        Rimu/Kauri Area
        TAWN Area

Competitive Strengths and Business Strategy

Our competitive strengths, together with a balanced and comprehensive business strategy, provide us with the flexibility and capability to achieve our goals. Our primary goals for the next five years are to increase proved oil and natural gas reserves at an average rate of 5% to 10% per year and to increase production at an average rate of 7% to 12% per year.

     Demonstrated Ability to Grow Reserves and Production

Although we have had slight decreases in the last two years, we have grown our proved reserves from 629.4 Bcfe to 761.8 Bcfe over the five-year period ended December 31, 2005. Over the same period, our annual production has grown from 42.4 Bcfe to 59.6 Bcfe and our annual net cash provided by operations has increased from $128.2 million to $285.3 million. Our growth in reserves and production over this five-year period has resulted primarily from drilling activities in our four core regions combined with producing property acquisitions. More recently, we increased our production by 2% during 2005 as compared to 2004 production. During 2005, our total proved reserves decreased by 5%, primarily due to a slowdown in drilling activity in Lake Washington as a result of Hurricane Katrina. Based on our long-term historical performance and our business strategy going forward, we believe that we have the opportunities, experience, and knowledge to grow both our reserves and production.

     Balanced Approach to Growth

Our strategy is to increase our reserves and production through both drilling and acquisitions, shifting the balance between the two activities in response to market conditions and strategic opportunities. In general, we focus on drilling in our anchor assets and diversity properties in each of our four regions when oil and natural gas prices are strong. When prices weaken and the per unit cost of acquisitions becomes more attractive, or a strategic opportunity exists, we shift our focus toward acquisitions. We believe this balanced approach has resulted in our ability to grow in a strategically cost effective manner. Over the five-year period ended December 31, 2005, we replaced 149% of our production at an average cost of $2.44 per Mcfe. More recently, we replaced 36% of our 2005 production. For 2006, we are targeting total production to increase 14% to 18% and proved reserves to increase 5% to 8% over 2005 levels.

Our 2006 capital expenditures are currently budgeted at $300 million to $325 million, net of approximately $5 million to $10 million of non-core property dispositions. Approximately 85% of the budget is targeted for domestic activities, with about 15% planned for activities in New Zealand. We plan to spend $175 million to $195 million in our South Louisiana region, which includes Lake Washington, Bay de Chene, and Cote Blanche Island. Of this amount, approximately $40 million to $50 million will be focused on activities in Bay de Chene and Cote Blanche Island and includes approximately $11 million designated for the Cote Blanche Island 3-D seismic acquisition planned for 2006. No acquisitions are currently included in our 2006 capital budget. We expect our 2006 capital expenditures will initially be at the low end of the budgeted range, and depending on commodity prices and operational performance, they may increase to the high end of the range during the course of the year. We anticipate 2006 capital expenditures to approximate our cash flow provided from operating activities during 2006.

     Reserves Replacement Ratio and Reserves Replacement Cost

Historically we have added proved reserves through both our drilling and acquisition activities. We believe that this strategy will continue to add reserves for us over the long-term, however, external factors beyond our control, such as adverse weather conditions, commodity market factors, and governmental regulations, could limit our ability to drill wells and acquire proved properties in the future. We calculate and analyze reserves replacement ratios and costs to use as benchmarks against certain of our competitors. These ratios and costs are limited in use by the inherent uncertainties in the reserves estimation process, and other factors discussed below. We have included below a table listing the vintages of our proved undeveloped reserves in the table titled “Proved Undeveloped Reserves,” and believe this table will provide an understanding of the time horizon required to convert proved undeveloped reserves to oil and gas production. Our reserves additions for each year are estimates. Reserve volumes can change over time and, therefore cannot be absolutely known or verified until all volumes have been produced and a cumulative production total for a well or field can be calculated. Many factors will impact our ability to access these reserves, such as availability of capital, commodity prices, new and existing government regulations, competition within our industry, the requirement of new or upgraded infrastructure at the production site, and technological advances.

The reserves replacement ratio is calculated using reserves replacement volumes divided by production volumes during a specific period. The reserves replacement volumes used in this calculation are listed in the “Supplemental Information (Unaudited)” section of this report, specifically in a table titled “Supplemental Reserves Information.” Within this table there are categories titled “Revisions of previous estimates,” “Purchases of minerals in place” and “Extensions, discoveries, and other additions,” which when added, total the reserves replacement volumes. Production volumes are also listed in the same table, and these production volumes are also used in the reserves replacement ratio calculation.

The reserves replacement cost is calculated using reserves replacement volumes divided into acquisition, exploration, and development costs incurred during a specific period. Our acquisition, exploration, and development costs are listed in the “Supplemental Information (Unaudited)” section of this report, specifically in a table titled “Costs Incurred.” Development costs as defined by Securities and Exchange Commission rules, include costs incurred to obtain access to proved reserves and provide facilities for extracting, treating, gathering and storing the oil and gas. Development costs thus include well costs for our development wells and facility costs, such as those facility and platform costs we have incurred in our Lake Washington area over the past several years. Costs incurred to explore and develop reserves may extend over several years. We believe a reserves replacement cost estimate is more meaningful when calculated over several periods. Future development costs from prior years are included in this calculation to the extent that they have been included in our actual costs incurred.

     Concentrated Focus on Regions with Operational Control

The concentration of our operations in four regions allows us to realize economies of scale in drilling and production by enabling us to manage larger producing fields with less personnel while minimizing incremental costs of increased drilling and completions. Each of our four regions includes at least one anchor asset, previously termed a core area, and several diversity properties that are targeted for future growth. Our average lease operating costs, excluding taxes, were $0.79, $0.71, and $0.64 per Mcfe in 2005, 2004, and 2003, respectively. This concentration allows us to utilize the experience and knowledge we gain in these areas to continually improve our operations and guide us in developing our future activities and in operating similar type assets. For example, in our South Louisiana region, we will apply the experience we have gained in Lake Washington to our Bay de Chene and Cote Blanche Island properties acquired at the end of 2004, which are also situated around salt domes. The value of this concentration is enhanced by our operating 95% of our proved oil and natural gas reserves base as of December 31, 2005. Retaining operational control allows us to more effectively manage production, control operating costs, allocate capital, and time field development.

     Develop Under-Exploited Properties

We are focused on applying advanced technologies and recovery methods to areas with known hydrocarbon resources to optimize our exploration and exploitation of such properties as illustrated in our four regions. For instance, the Lake Washington field was discovered in the 1930s. We acquired our properties in this area for $30.5 million in 2001. Since that time, we have increased our average daily net production from less than 700 BOE to 13,100 BOE for the quarter ended December 31, 2005. We have also increased our proved reserves in the area from 7.7 million BOE, or 46.2 Bcfe, to approximately 39.8 million BOE or 238.9 Bcfe, as of December 31, 2005. Additionally, on our original 100,000 acre New Zealand permit, only two wells had been drilled at the time that we acquired our interest. We have drilled 42 wells in New Zealand since 1999. When we first acquired our interests in AWP Olmos, Brookeland, and Masters Creek, these areas also had significant additional development potential. Our properties in the Bay de Chene and Cote Blanche Island fields hold mainly proved undeveloped reserves and we plan to begin our initial development activities of these properties in 2006. We intend to continue acquiring large acreage positions where we can grow production by applying advanced technologies and recovery methods using our experience and knowledge developed in our four regions.

     Capitalize on the Near Term Depletion of New Zealand’s Largest Gas Field

The Maui field in New Zealand currently comprises over 60% of the natural gas produced in New Zealand. Production from the Maui field is expected to decline sharply each year of its remaining life, which has caused significant upward pressure on prices for natural gas in the country. Due to currency exchange increases between the New Zealand dollar and the U.S. dollar, along with increases in our natural gas contract prices, our average natural gas price in New Zealand has increased 34% from the first quarter of 2004 to the fourth quarter of 2005. We expect the prices we receive for our natural gas in New Zealand to continue to improve. During 2006, we anticipate drilling six to eight development wells and expect to drill two to four exploration tests, which includes our Tarata Thrust exploration activity. These New Zealand activities provide us with long-term growth opportunities and significant potential reserves in a country with stable political and economic conditions, existing oil and gas infrastructure, and favorable tax and royalty regimes.

     Maintain Financial Flexibility and Disciplined Capital Structure

We practice a disciplined approach to financial management and have historically maintained a disciplined capital structure to provide us with the ability to execute our business plan. As of December 31, 2005, our debt to capitalization was approximately 37%, while our debt to proved reserves ratio was $0.46 per Mcfe, and our debt to PV-10 ratio was 11%. Including our cash on hand at year-end 2005, our net debt to capital ratio would have been 33% and our net debt per Mcfe would be $0.38 per Mcfe. We plan to maintain a capital structure that provides financial flexibility through the prudent use of capital, aligning our capital expenditures to our cash flows, and maintaining a strategic hedging program. The combination of hedging with collars, floors, forward sales, and the sale of our New Zealand natural gas production under long-term, fixed-price contracts will provide for a more stable cash flow for the periods covered as described in the “Commodity Risk” section of this report.

     Experienced Technical Team

We employ 50 oil and gas professionals, including geophysicists, petrophysicists, geologists, petroleum engineers, and production and reservoir engineers, who have an average of approximately 25 years of experience in their technical fields and have been employed by us for an average of over six years. In addition, we engage experienced and qualified consultants to perform various comprehensive seismic acquisitions, processing, reprocessing, interpretation, and other related services. We continually apply our extensive in-house experience and current technologies to benefit our drilling and production operations.

 

We have increasingly used seismic technology to enhance the results of our drilling and production efforts, including two and three-dimensional seismic acquisition, post-stack image enhancement reprocessing, amplitude versus offset datasets, correlation cubes, and detailed formation depletion studies. In 2004, we completed our 3-D seismic survey covering our Lake Washington area and during 2005, all eight of our exploration wells in the Lake Washington area utilized the 3-D seismic data, of which five were successful, and all 24 of our development wells utilized the 3-D seismic data, of which 16 were successful. In 2005, we began a seismic program that encompasses 77 square miles in our Cote Blanche Island area, which is expected to be completed in the third quarter of 2006. In New Zealand, we also plan to acquire seismic on our offshore Kaheru exploration permit in 2006.

 

We use various recovery techniques, including gas lift, water flooding, and acid treatments to enhance crude oil and natural gas production. We also fracture reservoir rock through the injection of high-pressure fluid, install gravel packs, and insert coiled-tubing velocity strings to enhance and maintain production. We believe that the application of fracturing and coiled-tubing technology has resulted in significant increases in production and decreases in completion and operating costs, particularly in our AWP Olmos area.

 

We have developed an expertise in drilling horizontal wells at vertical depths below 10,000 feet, often in a high-pressure environment, involving single or dual lateral legs of several thousand feet. This results in an integrated approach to exploration using multidisciplinary data analysis and interpretation that has helped us identify a number of exploration prospects.

 

We also employ measurement-while-drilling techniques extensively in our Lake Washington area, which allows us to guide the drill bit during the drilling process. This technology allows the well bore path to be steered parallel to the salt face and to intersect multiple targeted sands in a single well bore.

 

 

Operating Areas

The following table sets forth information regarding our proved reserves and production by field:

% of Year-End
2005 Proved % of 2005

Area

Region

Reserves Production
--------------- --------------------- ----------------- -----------
AWP Olmos South Texas 23% 13%
Brookeland Toledo Bend 5% 5%
Lake Washington South Louisiana 31% 45%
Masters Creek Toledo Bend 7% 4%
Bay de Chene, Cote Blanche Island South Louisiana 10% 2%
Rimu/Kauri New Zealand 11% 14%
TAWN New Zealand 5% 14%
----------------- -------------
    % of Total 92% 97%
----------------- -------------

 

Domestic Regional Focus Areas

Our domestic regions consist of three main regions located in South Louisiana, South Texas and Toledo Bend, which straddles the Texas and Louisiana border. South Texas is the oldest of our core regions, with our operations being established in the AWP Olmos area in 1989. During 2001, we added Garcia Ranch, an area southeast of AWP Olmos. In mid-1998, we acquired the Masters Creek and Brookeland areas in the Toledo Bend region, with South Bearhead Creek being our most recent acquisition in this region during late 2005. In South Louisiana, we established our operations when we acquired majority interests in producing properties in the Lake Washington field in early 2001, adding Bay de Chene and Cote Blanche Island in December 2004.

     South Louisiana

Lake Washington Area. As of December 31, 2005, we owned drilling and production rights in 17,352 net acres in the Lake Washington area located in Plaquemines Parish in South Louisiana, along with lease and seismic options covering another 6,400 acres. Approximately 93% of our proved reserves of 39.8 million BOE in this area at December 31, 2005 were oil and NGLs. To date, we have primarily produced from multiple Miocene sands ranging in depth from greater than 2,000 feet to 10,000 feet. The field is located on a salt dome and has produced over 300 million BOE since its discovery in the 1930s. The area around the dome is heavily faulted, thereby creating a large number of potential traps. Oil and gas from approximately 115 producing wells is gathered from three platforms located in water depths from two to 12 feet, with drilling and workover operations performed with rigs on barges.

In 2005, we drilled 24 development wells and eight exploratory wells, of which 16 development and five exploratory wells were completed. At year-end 2005, we had 87 proved undeveloped locations in this field. Our planned 2006 capital expenditures in this area will focus on drilling at least 26 wells; of these at least three will be exploratory wells with targets derived from recently acquired three-dimensional seismic data. Additional facility work is planned to further improve the deliverability and efficiency in this area.

Bay de Chene and Cote Blanche Island Areas. Bay de Chene is located in Jefferson Parish and Lafourche Parish, while Cote Blanche Island is located in St. Mary Parish, both of which are in South Louisiana in close proximity to Lake Washington. These fields hold predominantly undeveloped reserves. As of December 31, 2005, we owned drilling and production rights in 14,156 net acres in the Bay de Chene field and 7,032 net acres in the Cote Blanche Island field. We plan to spend $40 million to $50 million to begin developing these fields during 2006. These fields were shut-in following the acquisition for facility enhancements and to repair a gas supply line. Beginning in late August of 2005, both fields were shut-in for Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. Bay de Chene field returned to production in the fourth quarter 2005, meanwhile, Cote Blanche Island is expected to resume production late in the first quarter of 2006. At year-end 2005, we had three proved undeveloped locations in the Bay de Chene field and 20 in the Cote Blanche Island field. We drilled our first exploratory well in Bay de Chene in late 2005, which was unsuccessful. During 2006, we plan to drill two to four wells and perform several recompletions in each area. We also have a 3-D seismic acquisition for Cote Blanche Island planned for 2006.

     South Texas

AWP Olmos Area. As of December 31, 2005, we owned drilling and production rights in 29,226 net acres in the AWP Olmos Area in South Texas. We have extensive experience with low-permeability, tight-sand formations typical of this area, having acquired our first acreage there in 1988. These reserves are approximately 67% natural gas. At year-end 2005, we owned interests in and operated 526 wells in this area producing natural gas from the Olmos sand formation at depths of approximately 9,000 to 11,500 feet. We own nearly 100% of the working interests in all our operated wells.

In 2005, we completed 18 development wells in this area, and performed 23 fracture enhancements. At year-end 2005, we had 118 proved undeveloped locations. Our planned 2006 capital expenditures will focus on drilling 12 to 15 wells in this area.

Garcia Ranch Area. We have been focusing on the deep sands of the Frio formation (10,000 to 16,000 feet) in an area known as Garcia Ranch, which straddles the border of Kenedy County and Willacy County in the southern tip of Texas. Two development wells were drilled in this area in 2005; both were completed.

     Toledo Bend

Brookeland Area. As of December 31, 2005, we owned drilling and production rights in 78,535 net acres and 3,500 fee mineral acres in the Brookeland area. This area is located in East Texas near the border of Louisiana in Jasper and Newton counties. We primarily drill horizontal wells and produce from the Austin Chalk formation in this area. The reserves are approximately 57% oil and natural gas liquids. During 2005, we participated in drilling one non-operated development well, which was successful. At year-end 2005, we had 11 proved undeveloped locations. Our planned 2006 capital expenditures in Toledo Bend region include drilling one to two development wells.

Masters Creek Area. As of December 31, 2005, we owned drilling and production rights in 46,635 net acres and 91,994 fee mineral acres in the Masters Creek area. This area is located in Central Louisiana near the Texas-Louisiana border in the two parishes of Vernon and Rapides. It contains horizontal wells producing both oil and gas from the Austin Chalk formation. The reserves are approximately 68% oil and NGLs. At year-end 2005, we had eight proved undeveloped locations.

South Bearhead Creek Area. In November and December 2005, we acquired interests in the South Bearhead Creek field, which is located in the Toledo Bend region approximately 50 miles south of our Masters Creek field and 30 miles north of Lake Charles, Louisiana. Oil and gas are produced in this area predominantly from the upper and lower Wilcox sands, at depths ranging from approximately 10,600 to 13,700 feet. The field also has production in the Cockfield sands at approximately 8,000 to 8,500 feet. South Bearhead Creek field was discovered in 1958 by a major oil company. It is a large east-west trending anticlinal closure and has had cumulative production of over 4 million BOE.

As of December 31, 2005, we owned drilling and production rights in 5,258 net acres in the South Bearhead Creek area. At year-end 2005, we had 19 proved undeveloped locations in this field. Our 2006 plans for this area include two to four development wells and several recompletions.

     New Zealand Regional Focus Area

Our New Zealand region contains two anchor assets, the Rimu/Kauri area and the TAWN area. Our activity in New Zealand began in 1995. As of December 31, 2005, our exploration permit 38719, which we operate, included approximately 64,061 acres in the Taranaki Basin of New Zealand’s north island. In April 2004, two other permits (38756 and 38759) within the Taranaki Basin were consolidated with our permit 38719 to form one permit area. This acreage includes our Rimu/Kauri area, and our Rimu and Kauri mining permit areas. Our 2006 planned activity in New Zealand includes drilling six to eight development wells and two to four exploration wells. We also plan to acquire seismic on our offshore Kaheru exploration permit in 2006.

Rimu/Kauri Area. Since 2002, we have held a 100% working interest in petroleum mining permit 38151 covering approximately 5,500 acres in the Rimu area for a primary term of 30 years. We began commercial production from the Rimu area in May 2002, and own a hydrocarbon-processing facility in this area as well. During 2005, we completed two out of five wells in the Kauri area. One of these wells successfully targeted the Kauri sands, and one was completed in the Manutahi sand. We were awarded a 30-year primary term mining permit covering approximately 8,714 acres in the Kauri area in April 2005. Our natural gas production from this area is sold to Genesis Power Ltd. under a long-term contract for use at its Huntly Power Station, New Zealand’s largest thermal power station.

TAWN Area. Our interest in TAWN consists of a 100% working interest in four petroleum mining permits, 38138 through 38141, covering producing oil and gas fields and extensive associated hydrocarbon-processing facilities and pipelines. The properties are collectively identified as the TAWN properties, an acronym derived from the first letters of the field names - the Tariki field, the Ahuroa field, the Waihapa field, and the Ngaere field. The four fields include 18 wells where the purchaser of gas is Contact Energy. In 2005, we completed the Piakau North A1 exploration well in this area. The TAWN assets are located approximately 17 miles north of the Rimu/Kauri area.

Our infrastructure in New Zealand includes two hydrocarbon-processing plants with significant excess capacity. We also own the pipelines connecting the fields and facilities to export terminals and interior markets.

Diversity Areas. Two prospects, which were drilling at the end of 2005, are located in our TAWN area and are identified as the Goss prospect (Goss A1 well), and the Trapper prospect (Trapper A1 well). Both prospects have the Kapuni group sands (the major reservoir in the basin) as their main target, but as these wells are drilled they will also pass through the Tariki sandstone and other major producing sands in the basin. We have entered into a series of farm-out agreements with Mighty River Power (“MRP”), a state owned New Zealand utility, which provide for a 50% working interest in both the Goss A1 well, and the Trapper A1 well. Under the farm-out agreements, MRP will provide the funding for the drilling of these exploration wells and can earn a 50% working interest in certain commercial discoveries, outside of known productive zones, resulting from these wells. Once MRP has earned its 50%, we will equally share any future development costs subject to the terms of the agreements. We will continue to maintain our 100% working interest in the existing producing horizons and facilities in both the TAWN and Rimu/Kauri areas.

In December 2004, we entered into a farm-in agreement with Ballance Agri-Nutrients Limited of New Zealand for their exploration permit 38742. The approximately 16,800 gross acre permit is located onshore in the north-central Taranaki Basin. Under the terms of the contract, we became the operator of the permit, and now have an 80% working interest. We anticipate drilling an exploratory well in this area in the second half of 2006.

Summary of New Zealand Government Licenses and Permits

Our acreage in New Zealand is licensed from the New Zealand government under both production exploration permits (PEP), production mining licenses (PML), and production mining permits (PMP). These licenses and permits as of December 31, 2005 are summarized in the following table:

 

Date of

Initial Interest

Swift’s

Permit

Acquired

Interest

PEP 38495 2005 50%

PEP 38716

1999

21%

PEP 38719

1996

100%

PEP 38742

2004

80%

PML 38138

2002

100%

PML 38139

2002

100%

PML 38140

2002

100%

PML 38141

2002

100%

PMP 38151

2002

100%

PMP 38155 2005 100%

 

Details of these licenses can be found on the New Zealand government’s Crown Minerals website at http://crownminerals.med.govt.nz/index.asp.

Oil and Natural Gas Reserves

The following tables present information regarding proved reserves of oil and natural gas attributable to our interests in producing properties as of December 31, 2005, 2004, and 2003. The information set forth in the tables regarding reserves is based on proved reserves reports prepared by us and audited by H. J. Gruy and Associates, Inc., Houston, Texas, independent petroleum engineers. Gruy has audited 100% of our proved reserves. Gruy’s audit was conducted according to standards approved by the Board of Directors of the Society of Petroleum Engineers, Inc. and included examination, on a test basis, of the evidence supporting our reserves. Gruy’s audit was based upon review of all available production histories and other geological, economic, and engineering data, all of which was provided by us.

Estimates of future net revenues from our proved reserves and their PV-10 Value are made using oil and gas sales prices in effect as of the dates of such estimates adjusted for the effects of hedging and are held constant, for that year’s reserves calculation, throughout the life of the properties, except where such guidelines permit alternate treatment, including, in the case of gas contracts, the use of fixed and determinable contractual price escalations. We have interests in certain tracts that are estimated to have additional hydrocarbon reserves that cannot be classified as proved and are not reflected in the following tables. Our hedges at year-end 2005 consisted of natural gas price floors with strike prices lower than the period-end price and thus did not materially affect prices used in these calculations. The weighted averages of such year-end 2005 prices domestically were $10.36 per Mcf of natural gas, $60.00 per barrel of oil, and $33.28 per barrel of NGL, compared to $5.87, $42.21, and $26.49 at year-end 2004 and $5.53, $30.88, and $21.81 at year-end 2003, respectively. The weighted averages of such year-end 2005 prices for New Zealand were $3.79 per Mcf of natural gas, $60.98 per barrel of oil, and $19.20 per barrel of NGL, compared to $3.07, $33.60, and $20.48 in 2004 and $2.04, $26.78, and $14.10 in 2003, respectively. The weighted averages of such year-end 2005 prices for all our reserves, both domestically and in New Zealand, were $8.94 per Mcf of natural gas, $60.12 per barrel of oil, and $31.40 per barrel of NGL, compared to $5.16 $41.07, and $25.48 in 2004 and $4.56, $30.16, and $20.61 in 2003, respectively.

The following tables set forth estimates of future net revenues presented on the basis of unescalated prices and costs in accordance with criteria prescribed by the Securities and Exchange Commission and their PV-10 Value as of December 31, 2005, 2004, and 2003. Operating costs, development costs, asset retirement obligation costs, and certain production-related taxes were deducted in arriving at the estimated future net revenues. No provision was made for income taxes. The estimates of future net revenues and their present value differ in this respect from the standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows set forth in supplemental information to our consolidated financial statements, which is calculated after provision for future income taxes. We combine NGLs with oil for reserves reporting purposes. PV-10 is a non-GAAP measure, see the reconciliation of this non-GAAP measure to the closest GAAP measure, the standardized measure, in the section below this table.

  As of December 31, 2005
  Total Domestic New Zealand
Estimated Proved Oil and Natural Gas Reserves      
Natural gas reserves (MMcf):      
     Proved developed 152,001 125,368 26,633
     Proved undeveloped 135,472 99,907 35,565
  ------------ ------------ ------------
          Total 287,473 225,275 62,198
  ======= ======= =======
Oil reserves (MBbl):      
     Proved developed 37,990 35,298 2,691
     Proved undeveloped 41,063 34,485 6,579
  ------------ ------------ ------------
          Total 79,053 69,783 9,270
  ======= ======= =======
Total Estimated Reserves (Bcfe) 762 644 118
       
Estimated Discounted Present Value of Proved Reserves (In millions)      
     Proved developed $ 1,721 $ 1,612 $ 109
     Proved undeveloped 1,450 1,248 202
  ------------ ------------ ------------
          PV-10 Value $ 3,171 $ 2,860 $ 311
  ======= ======= =======

 

  As of December 31, 2004
  Total Domestic New Zealand
Estimated Proved Oil and Natural Gas Reserves      
Natural gas reserves (MMcf):      
     Proved developed 193,311 140,549 52,762
     Proved undeveloped 124,935 97,343 27,593
  ------------ ------------ ------------
          Total 318,246 237,892 80,355
  ======= ======= =======
Oil reserves (MBbl):      
     Proved developed 42,038 36,629 5,409
     Proved undeveloped 38,229 32,510 5,719
  ------------ ------------ ------------
          Total 80,267 69,139 11,128
  ======= ======= =======
Total Estimated Reserves (Bcfe) 800 653 147
       
Estimated Discounted Present Value of Proved Reserves (In millions)      
     Proved developed $ 1,182 $ 1,038 $ 144
     Proved undeveloped 839 760 79
  ------------ ------------ ------------
          PV-10 Value $ 2,021 $ 1,797 $ 224
  ======= ======= =======
 

 

  As of December 31, 2003
  Total Domestic New Zealand
Estimated Proved Oil and Natural Gas Reserves      
Natural gas reserves (MMcf):      
     Proved developed 210,120 138,173 71,947
     Proved undeveloped 125,685 104,148 21,537
  ------------ ------------ ------------
          Total 335,805 242,321 93,484
Oil reserves (MBbl): ======= ======= =======
       
     Proved developed 45,525 38,768 6,757
     Proved undeveloped 35,235 28,248 6,987
  ------------ ------------ ------------
          Total 80,760 67,016 13,744
  ======= ======= =======
Total Estimated Reserves (Bcfe) 820 644 176
       
Estimated Discounted Present Value of Proved Reserves (In millions)      
     Proved developed $ 941 $ 806 $ 135
     Proved undeveloped 598 517 80
  ------------ ------------ ------------
          PV-10 Value $ 1,539 $ 1,323 $ 215
  ======= ======= =======

 

Proved reserves are estimates of hydrocarbons to be recovered in the future. Reservoir engineering is a subjective process of estimating the sizes of underground accumulations of oil and gas that cannot be measured in an exact way. The accuracy of any reserves estimate is a function of the quality of available data and of engineering and geological interpretation and judgment. Reserves reports of other engineers might differ from the reports contained herein. Results of drilling, testing, and production subsequent to the date of the estimate may justify revision of such estimates. Future prices received for the sale of oil and gas may be different from those used in preparing these reports. The amounts and timing of future operating and development costs may also differ from those used. Accordingly, reserves estimates are often different from the quantities of oil and gas that are ultimately recovered. There can be no assurance that these estimates are accurate predictions of the present value of future net cash flows from oil and gas reserves.

No other reports on our reserves have been required to be filed, nor have any been filed with any federal agency.

The closest GAAP measure to PV-10, a non-GAAP measure, is the standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows. We believe PV-10 is a helpful measure in evaluating the value of our oil and gas reserves and many securities analysts and investors use PV-10. We use PV-10 in our ceiling test computations, and we also compare PV-10 against our debt balances. The following table is a reconciliation between PV-10 and the standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows:

 

 

As of December 31, 2005
Total Domestic New Zealand
(In millions)
PV-10 Value $ 3,171 $ 2,860 $ 311
  ======= ======= =======
     Future income taxes (discounted at 10%) (984) (942) (42)
     Asset retirement obligations (discounted at 10%) (27) (23) (4)
  -------------- -------------- --------------
Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Net Cash Flows relating to oil and gas reserves $ 2,159 $ 1,895 $ 265
  ======= ======= =======

 

  As of December 31, 2004
Total Domestic New Zealand
(In millions)
PV-10 Value $ 2,021 $ 1,797 $ 224
  ======= ======= =======
     Future income taxes (discounted at 10%) (533) (521) (12)
     Asset retirement obligations (discounted at 10%) (23) (19) (4)
  -------------- -------------- --------------
Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Net Cash Flows relating to oil and gas reserves $ 1,465 $ 1,257 $ 208
  ======= ======= =======

 

  As of December 31, 2003
Total Domestic New Zealand
(In millions)
PV-10 Value $ 1,539 $ 1,323 $ 215
  ======= ======= =======
     Future income taxes (discounted at 10%) (392) (351) (41)
     Asset retirement obligations (discounted at 10%) (13) (9) (2)
  -------------- -------------- --------------
Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Net Cash Flows relating to oil and gas reserves $ 1,135 $ 963 $ 172
  ======= ======= =======

 

Proved Undeveloped Reserves

The following table sets forth the aging and PV-10 value of our proved undeveloped reserves as of December 31, 2005:

 

 

Year Added

Volume (Bcfe)

% of PUD Volumes

PV-10
Value
(in millions)

% of PUD
PV-10 Value

2005 102.9

27%

  $      439.2 30%
2004 70.4

18%

299.4 21%
2003 59.4

16%

248.7 17%
2002 40.6

11%

122.6 8%
2001 16.5

4%

74.8 5%
Prior to 2001 92.1

24%

264.0 19%
------------ ------------ ------------ ------------
Total 381.9

100%

$  1,448.7 100%
======== ======== ======== ========

 

Sensitivity of Reserves to Pricing

As of December 31, 2005, a 5% increase in crude oil and NGL pricing would increase our total estimated proved reserves of 761.8 Bcfe by approximately 0.3 Bcfe, and increase the total PV-10 Value of $3.2 billion by approximately $129 million. Similarly, a 5% decrease in crude oil and NGL pricing would decrease our total estimated proved reserves by approximately 0.2 Bcfe and decrease the total PV-10 Value by approximately $131 million.

As of December 31, 2005 a 5% increase in natural gas pricing (exclusive of fixed contract volumes) would increase our total estimated proved reserves by approximately 0.4 Bcfe and increase the total PV-10 Value by approximately $60 million. Similarly, a 5% decrease in natural gas pricing (exclusive of fixed contract volumes) would decrease our total estimated proved reserves by approximately 0.3 Bcfe and decrease the total PV-10 Value by approximately $63 million.

Oil and Gas Wells

The following table sets forth the gross and net wells in which we owned an interest at the following dates:

Oil Wells Gas Wells Total Wells1
--------------- --------------- ---------------
December 31, 2005
   Gross 402 565 967
   Net 324.84 497.47 822.31
December 31, 2004
   Gross 358 574 932
   Net 308.8 525.9 834.7
December 31, 2003
   Gross 397 560 957
   Net 340.6 504.0 844.6

(1) Excludes 49 service wells in 2005, 40 service wells in 2004, and 41 service wells in 2003.

 

Oil and Gas Acreage

The following table sets forth the developed and undeveloped leasehold acreage held by us at December 31, 2005:

Developed(1) Undeveloped(1)
Gross Net Gross Net
Alabama 9,045.27 2,587.86 124.22 79.82
Louisiana 104,746.41 86,175.61 20,019.57 15,656.27
Texas 134,942.31 93,034.91 21,507.04 15,100.67
Wyoming 640.00 151.06 54,117.93 52,322.47
All other states 320.00 266.66 400.00 319.82
Offshore Louisiana 4,609.37 276.56 5,000.00 258.34
Offshore Texas 2,880.00 74.39
---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------------
     Total Domestic 257,183.36 182,567.05 101,168.76 83,737.39
New Zealand 9,480.00 9,118.15 143,250.85 114,291.18
---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------------
     Total 266,663.36 191,685.20 244,419.61 198,028.57
========== ========== ========== ==========

(1) Fee mineral acres acquired in the Brookeland and Masters Creek areas acquisition are not included in the above leasehold acreage table. We have 26,345 developed fee mineral acres and 69,149 undeveloped fee mineral acres for a total of 95,494 fee mineral acres.

 

Drilling Activities

The following table sets forth the results of our drilling activities during the three years ended December 31, 2005:

Gross Wells Net Wells


Year Type of Well Total Producing Dry Total Producing Dry

2005 Exploratory--Domestic 9 5 4 9.0 5.0 4.0
Development--Domestic 45 37 8 44.3 36.3 8.0
Exploratory--New Zealand 5 1 4 3.7 1.0 2.7
Development--New Zealand 5 2 3 5.0 2.0 3.0
 

 

2004 Exploratory--Domestic 10 4 6 7.5 2.3 5.2
Development--Domestic 44 37 7 41.7 35.0 6.7
Exploratory--New Zealand 1 --- 1 1.0 --- 1.0
Development--New Zealand 11 10 1 11.0 10.0 1.0
 

 

2003 Exploratory--Domestic 8 5 3 7.3 5.0 2.3
Development--Domestic 63 53 10 61.9 51.9 10.0
Exploratory--New Zealand 1 --- 1 0.5 --- 0.5
Development--New Zealand 3 3 --- 3.0 3.0 ---

 

Operations

We generally seek to be operator in the wells in which we have a significant economic interest. As operator, we design and manage the development of a well and supervise operation and maintenance activities on a day-to-day basis. We do not own drilling rigs or other oil field services equipment used for drilling or maintaining wells on properties we operate. Independent contractors supervised by us provide this equipment and personnel. We employ drilling, production, and reservoir engineers, geologists, and other specialists who work to improve production rates, increase reserves, and lower the cost of operating our oil and gas properties.

Oil and gas properties are customarily operated under the terms of a joint operating agreement. These agreements usually provide for reimbursement of the operator’s direct expenses and for payment of monthly per-well supervision fees. Supervision fees vary widely depending on the geographic location and depth of the well and whether the well produces oil or natural gas. The fees for these activities in 2005 totaled $7.8 million and ranged from $529 to $2,231 per well per month.

Marketing of Production

Domestically, we typically sell our oil and natural gas production at market prices near the wellhead or at a central point after gathering and/or processing. We usually sell our natural gas in the spot market on a monthly basis, while we sell our oil at prevailing market prices. We do not refine any oil we produce. Shell Oil Company and its affiliates, both domestically and in New Zealand, accounted for 10% or more of our total revenues during the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004, with purchases accounting for approximately 42% and 48% of our total oil and gas sales, respectively. However, due to the demand for oil and gas and availability of other purchasers, we do not believe that the loss of any single oil or gas purchaser or contract would materially affect our revenues.

Our oil production from the Lake Washington area is delivered into ExxonMobil’s crude oil pipeline system or transported on barges for sales to various purchasers at prevailing market prices or at fixed prices tied to the then current NYMEX crude oil contract for the applicable month(s). Our natural gas production from this area is either consumed on the lease or is delivered into El Paso’s Tennessee Gas Pipeline system and then sold in the spot market at prevailing prices.

In 1998, we entered into gas processing and gas transportation agreements for our natural gas production in the AWP Olmos area with PG&E Energy Trading Corporation, which was assumed in December 2000 by El Paso Hydrocarbon, LP, and El Paso Industrial, LP, and then assumed by Enterprise Hydrocarbons L.P. in September 2004, for up to 75,000 Mcf per day, which provided for a ten-year term with automatic one-year extensions unless terminated earlier. We believe that these arrangements adequately provide for our gas transportation and processing needs in the AWP Olmos area for the foreseeable future.

Our oil production from the Brookeland and Masters Creek areas is sold to various purchasers at prevailing market prices. Our natural gas production from these areas is processed under long term gas processing contracts with Duke Energy Field Services, Inc. The processed liquids and residue gas production are sold in the spot market at prevailing prices.

Through 2005, our oil production in New Zealand was sold to Shell Petroleum Mining, and now is sold to BP at international prices tied to the Asia Petroleum Price Index (APPI) Tapis posting, less the cost of storage, trucking, and transportation.

Our natural gas production from our TAWN fields is sol